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Madhav National Park: India’s 58th (newest) Tiger Reserve

Madhav National Park: India’s 58th (newest) Tiger Reserve

Source: TOI

Context

Madhav National Park in Madhya Pradesh has been designated as India’s 58th Tiger Reserve and the 9th in the state, enhancing conservation efforts for the Bengal tiger and boosting eco-tourism in the region.

About Madhav National Park

  • Location: Shivpuri district, Chambal region, Madhya Pradesh.

  • Established: 1958.

  • Area Covered: 354 sq km.

  • Flora and Fauna:

    • Dry deciduous forest with teak, sal, and dhok trees.

    • Home to tigers, leopards, wolves, chinkara, nilgai, and crocodiles.

  • Historical Significance:

    • Named after Maharaja Madhav Rao Scindia.

    • Previously a royal hunting ground.

  • Reintroduction of Tigers:

    • Tiger reintroduction began in 2023, with three tigers (including two females) introduced.

  • Major Attractions:

    • Sakhya Sagar Lake, George Castle, and eco-tourism activities.

What is a Tiger Reserve?

A Tiger Reserve is a protected area dedicated to the conservation of Bengal tigers and their ecosystems. It falls under Project Tiger (1973), a centrally sponsored scheme by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). These reserves ensure the growth of tiger populations, habitat conservation, and human-wildlife conflict mitigation.

Procedure to Designate a Tiger Reserve in India

  1. Proposal & Identification: The State Government proposes a region based on the viability of the tiger population, habitat conditions, and biodiversity value.

  2. Approval by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA): NTCA evaluates the proposal, considering factors such as tiger presence, ecological balance, and community impact.

  3. Central Government Notification: After NTCA’s approval, the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) declares the area as a Tiger Reserve under Section 38V of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

  4. Core & Buffer Zone Demarcation:

    • Core Zone: Strictly protected for wildlife, with zero human disturbance.

    • Buffer Zone: Allows regulated human activities to support conservation while considering local livelihoods.

  5. Conservation Measures & Monitoring:

    • Regular population surveys, habitat management, and anti-poaching measures.

    • NTCA oversees monitoring through the M-STrIPES (Monitoring System for Tigers – Intensive Protection and Ecological Status) program.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for UPSC CSE

  1. Madhav National Park is located in which state of India? a) Rajasthan
    b) Madhya Pradesh
    c) Maharashtra
    d) Uttarakhand
    Answer: b) Madhya Pradesh

  2. Which year was Madhav National Park established?
    a) 1947
    b) 1958
    c) 1973
    d) 1985
    Answer: b) 1958

  3. Which organization oversees the implementation of Project Tiger?
    a) WWF India
    b) National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)
    c) Ministry of Home Affairs
    d) National Biodiversity Authority
    Answer: b) National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)

  4. Under which section of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, is a Tiger Reserve notified?
    a) Section 28
    b) Section 35
    c) Section 38V
    d) Section 42
    Answer: c) Section 38V

Mains Question for UPSC CSE

Discuss the significance of tiger reserves in India’s biodiversity conservation. How does the establishment of new tiger reserves like Madhav National Park contribute to ecological balance and sustainable tourism?

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